Women with GDM had significantly higher levels of TC and TG in the second and third trimesters than those with non-GDM in the same trimesters, while HDL levels decreased in women with GDM (all p < 0.001).
The serum TC, TG, LDL, and HDL levels in the third trimester were significantly higher than those in the second trimester ( p < 0.001). Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated via multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the association of lipid levels with perinatal outcomes. Serum samples were assayed for fasting total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. In total, 1632 pregnant women with GDM and 9067 women with non-GDM who delivered between 2011–2021 were enrolled in this study.
This study investigated the association between maternal lipid levels and adverse perinatal outcomes in women with GDM and non-GDM. However, controversy remains regarding the relationship between maternal changes in lipid profiles and perinatal outcomes. Lipid metabolism disorder during pregnancy has been reported in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
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